For instance, thirst, hunger and the need for warmth are examples of drives. Originally, hull had a drive reduction theory of learning, but later he revised it to a drive stimuli reduction theory of learning. Respond to the following items with either true or false. How do you know when it is time to get a glass of water. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of. A good attempt to reconcile psychoanalysis and behaviorism. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies. You know because you get this feeling of being thirsty which motivates you to reduce the thirst by drinking water. Hull was one of the first theorists to try to create a theory designed to explain all behavior. Hulls attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. Based on ideas proposed by other great theorists such as pavlov, watson, darwin and thorndike, and expanded by collaborator and neobehaviorist kenneth spence, this theory is largely based on the concept of. No other psychological theory was so daringly precise. In his theory, hull used the term drive to refer to the state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs.
These needs, or drives, are defined by hull as internal states of arousal or tension which must be reduced. Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. As expected, hull and his students found that length of deprivation and number of times rewarded resulted in a faster running speed toward the reward. Hull was interested in applying mathematical formulas to psychology, and it is simple to see how this works with the drive reduction theory. Hull defined habit strength as the strength of the bond between a stimulus and a responsethe bond was literally considered learning wilson p. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan pavlov, edward thorndike and edward tolman, but also by charles darwins theory of evolution. This theory was first developed by clarke hull and after few spans of time it developed by kenneth spence. Drivereduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory.
Hull used specific formulas to predict the likelihood of specific behaviors. Hull said that a persons needs act as internal stimuli, and that a person reduces the stimuli by taking action to satisfy the needs. Psychologist clark hull biography 18841952 verywell mind. His term drive refers to a state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. The drive reduction theory was created by behaviorist clark hull 1943. The theory was created by behaviorist clark hull and further developed by his collaborator kenneth spence. Four concepts of clark hulls drive reduction theory 1. Therefore hulls theory was called a drivereduction theory of motivation. Hull hull developed a version of behaviorism in which the stimulus s affects the organism o and the resulting response r depends upon characteristics of both o and s.
The reduction of the drive acts as a reinforcement for that behavior. According to such theorists as clark hull and kenneth spence, drive reduction is a major cause of learning and behaviour. Drive reduction is reinforcing specific behaviors occurs in specific contexts because of habit strength. Based on ideas proposed by other great theorists such as pavlov, watson, darwin and thorndike, and expanded by collaborator and neobehaviorist kenneth spence, this theory is largely based on the concept of homeostasis. When you have responded to all items, click the score button at the bottom of the page. Explains our motivation to reduce arousal by meeting basic needs, such as hunger or thirst. In this theory, the reduction of drives is what creates motivation.
In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. Drive reduction theory was first established by clark hull. One reason for the change was the realization that if a thirsty animal is given water as a reinforce for performing some act, it takes a considerable amount of time for the thirst drive to be satisfied by the water. Drive theory states that human beings typically experience biological or psychological drives or needs, and that much of human behavior occurs as an effort to satisfy those needs and reduce the potency.
Hulls drive reduction theory served as a general theory of learning that helped inspire further work by other researchers. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. Hulls reinforcement theory drive reduction theory c l hull occupies a very significant position among neobehaviourist psychology. In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. Learning is the result of several factors that determine the likelihood of a specific behavior. This chapter summarizes the basic elements of freudian drive theory and suggests, in broad brushstrokes, what the neural correlates of those elements might be. Drive, d incentive motivation reward, k habit strength prior experience, h inhibition due to absence of reward, i. This information gathered for this quiz comes from psychology 101, chapter 7. For other uses, see drive reduction theory learning theory. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951. Drive presents a stimulus in form of a biological need like hunger, thirst, cold or sexual interest.
The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation. Borderline personality disorder or bpd, is one of the personality disorders that is distinguished by a pattern of instability in selfperception, emotions, behavior and relationships with others that significantly interferes with someones capacity to perform normal functions. Hulls drive theory drive an intense internal force that motivates behavior. Drive reduction theory definition psychology glossary.
Drive theory, also known as drive reduction theory, is a psychological theory of motivation and learning generally attributed to clark hull, a psychologist at yale university from 1929 to 1952. Theories of learning and its educational implications. These were drive, cue, response and reward and were based on hulls drive reduction theory of learning. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the. Hull believed that behavior was one of the ways that an organism maintains this balance. Habits are formed when a behavior is reinforced by drive reduction. A good attempt to explain freudian concepts such as repression and displacement in terms of learning drive reduction theory. The pros of drive theory relate to the way it explains achievement and survival. Another very popular concept in the history of motivational drives is the idea that drive reduction is the main mechanisms of reward hull. Drive reduction theory according to clark hull 1943, 1952, humans have internal internal biological needs which motivate us to perform a certain way. Drive reduction theory drive reduction theory according.
Hunger is reduced by eating a hot dog at the ballpark. The desire to have the uncomfortable hunger drive reduced motivates you to seek out and eat the food hulldrive reduction theory hull 1943. Drive reduction food drive reduction organism physiological aim of drive reduction is homeostasis maintenance of steady internal state, e. According to this theory, some physiological need need for water occurs that creates a. Hull was the first behaviorist who tried to create this grand theory about various behaviors. The association between hot dog stand and eating a hot dog is strengthened by hunger reduction. Hulls theory was called a drivereduction theory of motivation. It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. His conclusion was that drive and habit equally contribute to performance of whichever behavior is instrumental in drive reduction. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. Hull s attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence.
In the 1940s and 1950s, drive reduction theory gained popularity as an expression of behavior, understanding and motivation. Hulldrive reduction theory if you are hungry and go looking for food and eat some, you will feel more comfortable because the hunger has been reduced. Hulls theory inspired an enormous amount of research. Thirst, hunger and the need for warmth are all examples of drives.
Drivereduction theory was first developed by clark hull in 1943. In his theory, hull tried to explain behavior and learning through drive reduction. John dollard and neal miller columbus state university. The theory that learning is dependent on the alleviation or satisfaction of a drive. Key to drive reduction theory is the idea of reinforcement. A habit is formed when an action is met with an outcome that reduces need. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Class presentation created using powtoon free sign up at create animated videos and animated presentations for free. Hull based his theory on the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body works actively to maintain a certain state of balance or. They used a similar construct to hulls theory, however, they proposed that any strong stimulus could have motivating or drive properties without essentially being tied to the need of that particular organism. Hull believed the animal would repeat any behavior that reduced a drive, if the same need occurred again. Yet, there are limits to the explanatory power of this theory in that the opposite processes do not occur for every affective event and are not always the chief motivational factor. Theorists such as clark hull and kenneth spence suggest that drive reduction is a major cause of learning and behavior. Hull was influenced by the work of pavlov, darwin, thorndike and tolman. Originally developed by clark hull and then expanded upon by ken spence, the drive reduction theory of motivation was one of the first great efforts to explain how behaviors occur with individuals. In its simplest form, the theory claimed that no learning occurred unless a drive produced tension and impelled the organism into activity to procure a reward that would reduce the drive and satisfy its related physiological need. Hull used specific formulas to predict the likelihood of.
According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. Drive reduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive reduction theory. In other words, hull was interested in studying intervening variables that affected behavior such as initial drive, incentives, inhibitors. The drive reduction theory was developed by clark hull. For example, miller and dollard applied hulls basic theory more broadly to include social learning and imitation. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for motivation in the behaviorist tradition. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf.
The central brain substrate for the source of the libidinal. The s o r must be subtracted from effective reaction potential to calculate momentary effective reaction. Hull in later years decide to rename his drive reduction theory to be called drive stimulus reduction theory, to emphasize the reduction or complete removal of stimuli elements from the drive that occurs upon the organism completing a correct response sought after on the part of the experimenter. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. This learning theory, developed by hull in 1943, is known as drive reduction theory. The drivereduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. A prime example would be the internal feelings of hunger or thirst, which motivates us to eat. Reducing a drive provided reinforcement for behavior.
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